The governing principles it adopted were based on Quaker values of religious tolerance and participatory government. Pennsylvania - Cultural life | Britannica Penn named the territory New Wales. Swedes and Finns continued to arrive and settle in what would become Pennsylvania. Population growth put pressure on the limited supply of land in the north, while the best land in the south was already in the hands of planters. The Duke granted New Jersey to two loyal friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. In the years 1683-84, emigration increased, welcoming pioneers mostly from England, Ireland, Wales, Holland and Germany. Copy. When Markham arrived on the western shore of the Delaware River, however, he found that the region was already inhabited by Europeans. ), Newspapers in foreign languages and mutual aid networks sprouted as more immigrants moved into Pennsylvania. Charleston, South Carolina, and Newport, Rhode Island, were important points of entry. The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. As the supply of indentured servants diminished, in part because work opportunities had improved in England, the supply of slaves either imported directly from Africa or transshipped from the West Indies was increased. Tobacco remained the most important cash crop around Chesapeake Bay, but the volatility of tobacco prices encouraged planters to diversify. https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879 (accessed May 2, 2023). The treaty's duration was for "as long as water flows and the sun shines and grass grows." Pennsylvania (Founding) - Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia 11.7% of the households in Pennsylvania speak a non-English language at home as their primary language. The Pennsylvania Colony was a proprietary colony until the American Revolution began. The Quakers were among the most radical of the English Protestant sects that had sprung up in the 17th century. 41 Interesting Facts About The Pennsylvania Colony For Kids In 1913 the first automobile service station opened in Pittsburgh. However there was still religious freedom for other beliefs. A unified judicial system comprises the Supreme Court, Superior Court, Commonwealth Court, county courts, and a system of lower courts. Penn drew up the First Frame of Government in 1682, and in it, he outlined that there should be a provincial council of 72 elected members. Women were expected to help the men in hard labor tasks in order for survival. The council would govern when the governor was absent and this group was allowed to create courts of justice and assign judge positions. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. For example, Parliament, concerned about possible competition from colonial hatters, prohibited the export of hats from one colony to another and limited the number of apprentices in each hatmaker's shop. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. The town of Philadelphia was located in 1682, "having a high and dry land next to the water, with a shore ornamented with a fine view of pine trees growing upon it.". What are the 4 New England colonies? Responsible for many civic improvements, Franklin founded the Library Company of Philadelphia in 1731 and organized the Union Fire Company in 1736. The ship was filled with additional passengers, mostly Quakers, with good estates. It was among the 13 original English colonies of America. Among the main powers of the governor are broad veto power over bills passed in the legislature (General Assembly), including a line-item veto for appropriations bills, and the right to return bills to the Assembly for reconsideration. A typical South Carolina planter, on the other hand, might own as many as fifty slaves to work in the rice fields. Moisture from the air keeps it cool and humid as well as maintains a level of moisture in the ground, therefore making very suited for agriculture. A deputy governor, Captain John Blackwell, was assigned, but shortly he resigned. Colonial agriculture. But in just a few decades, his great-grandson, Milton Hershey, would become one of the most famous chocolatiers in the world and transformed their homestead into the unofficial chocolate capital of the country. The gentry were the rich class. In the Chesapeake area, the signs of prosperity were visible in brick and mortar. The largest ethnic group to arrivethe African slavescame in chains. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. The governor is elected for a four-year term and may be reelected for one additional term. What Was The Social Structure Of The Maryland Colony? Middle Colonies - Government Below them were the laborers and servants, who made up the majority of the population. Pennsylvania has more than 100 four-year colleges and universities in addition to numerous two-year colleges. In 1681, William Penn, a Quaker, was given a land grant from King Charles II, who owed money to Penn's deceased father. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and . Numerous key battles and events of the war occurred in the colony, including the crossing of the Delaware River, the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Germantown, and the winter encampment at Valley Forge. In 1884, Milton made the Hershey Chocolate Company a subsidiary of the already established Lancaster Caramel Company. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. Pennsylvania, April 30, 1982 in Philadelphia. Working as domestics, assistants to craftsmen, or stevedores in the port cities, they lived in their master's home, as did indentured servants and apprentices. Caused by a series of system malfunctions and human errors, the plants nuclear reactor core partially melted, and thousands of residents were evacuated or fled the area, fearing exposure to radiation. Between the Civil War and the 1920s, state government was, with a few exceptions in the late 19th century, controlled by the Republican Party. Philadelphia is a major centre of medical education, while Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon Universityformed in 1967 by the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical School) and the Mellon Institute (1913)makes that city a centre of . Now the largest city in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia served as the nations capital from 1790 until a permanent capital was established in. A plain and simple monument stands in Shackamaxon, at Penn Treaty Park, in Kensington, a modest memorial of a momentous act, the spot where was signed an unbroken treaty. Invariably, there are more poor than aristocrats in any given society, and . Within a few days Penn made a treaty with the Leni Lenape to purchase his grant of land from them, even though there was no law requiring him to do so. Servants who worked on the land becoming rich, being considered the best, poor man's country. All Rights Reserved. Today, the Hershey name decorates numerous buildings in the town known for its chocolate factory, hotel and theme park as well as its community and cultural and educational institutions. The rest of Pennsylvanias cities are designated as third-class. Urban women, freed from such domestic chores as spinning and candle making (cloth and candles could be purchased in the cities), had somewhat more leisure time, and they might help their husbands in their shop or tavern. In 1903, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates competed against each other in the first official World Series of Major League Baseball at Exposition Park in Pittsburgh. The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Of these the University of Pennsylvania (1740), in Philadelphia, an Ivy League school, is one of the most distinguished. 2 The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. In the northern cities, wealth was increasingly concentrated in the hands of the merchants; below them was the middle class of skilled craftsmen and shopkeepers. Number of slaves in 1700: 430. Consisted of the wealthy and best educated, Were made up of sailors and apprentices.. What was the Social Structure like among the people of Delaware and Pennsylvania? The state department of education establishes statewide standards for teacher certification and curricula and apportions money to the local school districts. Social Structure - The Penns ylvania And Delaware Colonies Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. Under the constitution of 1968Pennsylvanias fourth since becoming a stateand its subsequent amendments, the executive branch consists of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, auditor general, state treasurer, and governors cabinet. Among the urban poor were the unskilled laborers, stevedores, and crew members of the fishing and whaling fleets. Physical Geography During the Battle of Lexington & Concord, America's Best Schools for Master's in Theology, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Bureau of Archives and History: Records of the Proprietary Government, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission; William Penn's Legacy; Religious and Spiritual Diversity, USHistory.org: The Pennsylvania Revolution, The Difference Between the Latin American Wars of Independence and the French Revolution. Middle colonies - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help The colonial government was dominated by the eastern planters, and the poorer west suffered from corrupt government and excessive taxes. One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. In 1701 a revised constitution was drafted, called the Charter of Privileges, and it was in effect until 1776. Philadelphia, a city in Pennsylvania whose name means City of Brotherly Love, was originally settled by Native American tribes, particularly the Lenape hunter gatherers . The rather modest houses of even the most prosperous farmers of the seventeenth century had given way to spacious mansions in the eighteenth century. When he called a General Assembly to meet in Chester, the assembled body decided that the Delaware counties should be joined with those of Pennsylvania and that the governor would preside over both areas. A major responsibility in this regard is to classify all municipalitiessuch as cities, boroughs, counties, and townshipsby population size. Big cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore grew as seaports and commercial centers. Reading Terminal became a hub for locomotive transportation and innovation across the country. Women were viewed as weaker and had to give total respect to the men. Southern Europe was also a valuable market for colonial foodstuffs. Although born in Boston, Philadelphia claims Ben Franklin as one of its sons as the renowned statesman, scientist, writer and inventor moved to the city at the age of 17. A council was assembled to help rule with the governor. Government in colonial times resembled the British structure of a king and two houses of Parliament, and were subject to British rule. The government provides most of the funds for public social services in Pennsylvania. The government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. The Colonies | The Carolinas and any corresponding bookmarks? HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The city is also the site of many firsts including the first mass celebrated in an American Catholic church and the first U.S. hospital.

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