So, as Abe climbed up on the ledge and found his bearings, he asked Marilyn to stand behind him and steady him if he started to lose his balance. These are physical even visceral connections he makes with the time JFKs head came apart. "[31], The evidence offered by Holland and Rush to support their theory was challenged in a series of 200708 articles by computer animator Dale K. Myers and assassination researcher Todd W. Vaughan, who defended the prevailing belief that Zapruder's film captured the entire shooting sequence. However, no wound or blood is seen on either President Kennedy or Governor Connally prior to frame 313. Mrs. Kennedy had jumped up from the seat and was, it appeared to me, reaching for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car, the right rear tail, when she noticed that I was trying to climb on the car. In that way, the film alteration mirrors the body alteration, perhaps not just metaphorically but physically - down to the bloody "flap" appearing on the right side of the head, unseen at Parkland but visible in the Zapruder composite and the autopsy photos suspected of being retouched to elide the rear blowout. [27], Every frame of the Zapruder film has been put together into a panoramic movie. Two days after the assassination he was quoted in the Houston Chronicle as repeating what he had told Baker; thatthe limousine stopped immediately after the first shot. Keep in mind that this film was never intended to be released to the public. Dutton, a comedy ghostwriter, and editor of consequential legal and scientific documents. (1 HSCA 42). JFK - The Zapruder Film - What REALLY HappenedAccording to the late Richard Della Rosa who saw the other Zapruder film twice this is what really happen. John P. Costella, "The New Zapruder Film", "Abraham Zapruder Film | The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza", "JFK Files: Max Holland's 11 Seconds in Dallas", "NOVA | Spies That Fly | Master of the Surveillance Image | PBS", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_QIuu6hsAc, "La mort de JFK dans le viseur de Zapruder", "Murder Most Foul | The Official Bob Dylan Site", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zapruder_film&oldid=1149221010, Works about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, United States National Film Registry films, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles lacking reliable references from May 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 April 2023, at 21:53. But we know from all the films that JFK was shot in the head almost immediately after Hill got off the running board of the follow-up car. He was by himself on the plaza, distraught and in a daze, with the camera still in his hand and the case slung over his shoulder, when he encountered Harry McCormick, a reporter from the Dallas Morning News. Photo credit: Ike Altgens / AP / Wikimedia. At first glance, the notion that the Zapruder film might have been tampered with seems far-fetched. This anomaly begins with a frame with two large black lines across the entire image. ( Decker Exhibit 5323, 19 H 467 ) It looks to be almost a foot. The Truth Behind JFK's Assassination. With fidelity to the true personality and essence of the man, the film also follows Abraham Zapruder, the businessman who filmed the shooting on his Super 8 camera, and who was devastated by what . Something happened. ( 22 H 662 ) It just couldn't be done. I thank Pamela Brown, a flautist and JFK assassination researcher, for her help in understanding certain aspects of Kennedys limousine. A small number of witnesses said shooting happened there. Those first few seconds of the film are perfect: The sun is shining and you can clearly see the unmistakable, handsome face of the president as he brushes his hair from his face, lowering his arm as he turns toward the crowds on his right, smiling, and raising his hand again to wave briefly. Even further west, Mary Moorman took a Polaroid picture of JFK as he was being shot in the head. I suspect a more complex film simulation could be created to simulate the sequence I describe. Mark Tyler on a thread here looked into the ear witness testimony and that points to two shots around the time of the headshot. This, he hypothesized, meant the president had been shot from behind. But in 1963, there was no social media or YouTube. This film is under most peoples radar. I have 108+ witnesses who said that shooting occurred differently and mainly in the intersection of Elm and Houston and in front of the TSBD. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The first shot of the second two seemed as if it missed because the hair on the right side of his head flew forward and there didnt seem to be any impact against his head. They killed him!' What exactly did McMahon and Hunter say about the version they received, in contrast to what Brugioni describes receiving in the Horne film? The film being "lost in the processing plant" destroys its chain-of-possession. When he continued filming, frame 133 already shows the presidential motorcade in view. [note 1], After Secret Service agent Forrest Sorrels promised Zapruder that the film would only be used for an official investigation, the two men sought to develop the footage as soon as possible. --Michael J. Briggs , former editor-in-chief University Press of Kansas, publisher of The Zapruder Film and Breach of Trust "An impressive and staggering piece of investigative journalism. Greenpeace activist since 1985. Between November 1963 and January 1964, the FBI examined a copy of the Zapruder film, noting that the camera recorded at an average of 18.3 frames per second. On November 22, 1963, Abraham Zapruder shot what has become the most famous home movie of all time: a chilling 26-second snippet of film depicting the assassination of President John F. Kennedy . Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been FORCED to retain the headshot frames. Although it is not the only film of the shooting, the Zapruder film has been described as being the most complete, giving a relatively clear view from a somewhat elevated position on the side from which the president's fatal head wound is visible. John Costella said the film was technically perfect except for small, technical changes in the film. Changing the direction of the head was not. In 1994, the footage was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". I have postulated on another thread that what we now see is the remainder of a rear headshot (Rydberg drawing) causing the side blowout and a subsequent frontal headshot causing the rear blowout (excised). Martin was the outside rider at the left rear of the limousine. He was one of the first people to see the 'Zapruder Film' the 26-second home movie that captured President Kennedy's assassination, 50 years later, the film . "Well, I was in a state of shock when I got back," he said, "and I was kicking and banging the desk. In this version, claimed Reymond, the turn onto Elm WAS included as was the limousine stop for about 2 seconds. . One of those officers who spoke to Baker was motorcycle officer James Chaney who told him thatfrom the time the first shot rang out, the car stopped completely, pulled to the left, and stopped. ( ibid. ) The film was used as evidence in the case against Lee Harvey Oswald, who shot Kennedy from a sixth-floor window at the Texas School Book Depository. Taylor Swift took to social media to assure fans her hand was doing fine after she suffered what looked like a painful off-stage injury in Houston. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Senator Ralph Yarborough ( D-Texas ), who was riding two cars behind Kennedy, was interviewed by Geraldo Rivera in 1975. Others, notably David Josephs think the time might be 15 seconds. was put in play perhaps while Brugioni was still working, and carried the copy from Washington to Rochester, and then back to NPIC. But a film can also be altered by simply deleting frames. The objects' positions are updated during visibility in the Zapruder frames, and they stay motionless once each object moves out of those frames. The Zapruder film is easily the most analyzed film, ever. But if the Nix film was missing frames, how could that be ? This claim is significant, because if the limo had stopped AFTER the shooting sequence, it could be argued that it stopped because Jackie was on the trunk or to give agents on the followup car a chance to reach the limo. If it is a small number of people as versus a large number, then folks are apt to go with the larger number using things like what is said above. The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence. An example of this type of forgery would be to remove any frames depicting the limousine making the sharp turn from Houston Street to Elm Street. [43], In "Murder Most Foul", a musical meditation on Kennedy's assassination and its effect on American counterculture, Bob Dylan sings 'Zapruder's film I've seen that before / seen it 33 times maybe more' [44]. A lone nut! A still photo taken by James Altgens of the Associated Press shows Marilyn and Abe in his hat and bow tie, holding the camera; they are faintly visible in the far background, having just gotten down from their perch. But I think the top 3 prime suspects involved in JFK's death being set up were Jack Ruby and his organized crime, The Zapruder Film Mystery, the CIA, and the United States Government. How many people were photographing the motorcade? "..they weren't very clear, for the simple reason that on the telephoto lens it's good to take stills---when you move---did you ever have binoculars and every time you move everything is exaggerated in the move---that's why they are kind of blurred---the movement." Zapruder recovered eventually, and the two talked periodically. For more on this, go here.). Based on the Elsie Dorman film, heres what I think really happened in the alteration of the Z film. There are serious doubts about whether the film is original and an accurate depiction of the assassination. Chaney was never called to testify before the Warren Commission. JFK is hit in the head before he reaches the car, or so it appears on that badly damaged film. The first researcher to call attention to the possibility of a limousine stop was Mark Lane, who in his book A Citizens Dissent (1968) wrote:A considerable body of testimony before the [Warren] Commission indicated that the limousine slowed abruptly and then accelerated rapidly when the shots were fired. Either: a.) ". 6, 1975, when a bootleg copy of the film was broadcast on nationwide TV on ABCs Goodnight America show, hosted by Geraldo Rivera. And that moment does not show on the Zapruder film. He didn't start filming again until he could see the president and the first lady coming toward him in the car. As a result, the Justice Department awarded the Zapruder family $16 million for the original print in 1999. (To see some astounding examples concerning the medical evidence, please go here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and here.). It was a perfect location high above the street, giving him a clear view of the length of Elm; the president and Mrs. Kennedy would ride right past him in the open-top limousine. Editing a stop out is easy. Holland and Rush suggest that the pause could have had great significance for the interpretation of the assassination. Today, however, things are different. The Zapruder film, the only continuous chronological visual record of the assassination, is the best available photographic evidence of the number and timing of the shots that struck the occupants of the Presidential limousine. He had open ties to the CIA. The editors of the Zapruder Film had many sources to use in the construction of the Zapruder film. There are 8 films in all that have been edited on Houston Street. There are 108+ witnesses who say something different happened than the favored conspiracy theories based on the Zapruder Film, or the Official Story about what happened during the assassination. On the day of the assassination, he and some of his employees went to Dealey Plaza to get a glimpse of the presidential motorcade. Heres what I cant sort out: His stories do not agree with the films, and the films do not seem to agree with each other. The inaccuracies in his description contributed to many conspiracy theories about the assassination. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. Such a possibility may explain why those frames were removed. So anyway, he walked in, and he handed me the camera. Zapruders position indicated by yellow arrow on the Nix film below. The best record of the assassination to stand the test of time is Abraham Zapruder's famous 26 seconds of 8mm film photographed just steps from the president's motorcade. . Kennedys limousine was surrounded by nine motorcycle policemen: five in front, and four more close behind two on each side putt-putting away. (Unless Mr. Palamara knows different.). But the Z-film record still stands. The model then calculated how the bullet would have acted when it entered President Kennedys skull if it came from behind. For instance, On November 24, 1963, while Lee Harvey Oswald was being moved from a detention cell to an interrogation room . But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. A study suggests the 'grassy knoll' JFK assassination theory is bogus. The extant Zapruder film is missing frames 208-211. Critics have offered a large number of credible reasons for concluding that the version of the Zapruder film now preserved in the National Archives is not the untouched camera original. To the west of Willis, about three seconds later, Associated Press photographer James W. Altgens also took a photo of the motorcade. When dressmaker Abraham Zapruder brought his camera to see President John F. Kennedys motorcade pass through Dealey Plaza in Dallas on November 22, 1963, he could never have suspected that hed witness anassassinationor that his home movie would become one of the most watched and examined movies of all time. I dont know if you have ever laid down close to the ground when you heard the reports coming, but its a whole lot plainer than it is when you are standing up in the air. Special Agent George Hickey was also in the follow-up car with Hill. A specific mystery concerns what happened to the one shot that missed (and how Lee Harvey Oswald came to miss at what was assumed to be close range). It's funny how the Warren Commission apologists have no problem believing ONE witness who says it was Oswald, but can't bring themselves to believe 10 or 20 witnesses who claimed to have seen the same thing. Such a possibility may explain why those frames were removed. The briefing boards and notes were then turned over to Arthur Lundahl. According to an undated, unpublished transcript of an interview he had with the Dallas Times-Herald, Hargis told repeated:I felt blood hit me in the face, and the presidential car stopped immediately after that and stayed stopped about half a second, then took off at a high rate of speed. The original Zapruder film is part of the Kennedy Collection and is in the custody of the Motion Picture Sound and Video staff, at the National Archives at College Park. Abe Zapruder wasn't the only photographer on the scene. What's gone wrong?" . This is from Wikipedia, ", Dino Brugioni says that he and his team examined the 8mmZapruder filmof the John F. Kennedy assassination the evening of Saturday 23 November 1963 and into the morning of Sunday 24 November 1963, when he was the weekend duty officer at the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center. Removal of too many frames on that film would be noticeable. In early 1967, Life released a statement saying that four frames of the original (frames 208211) were accidentally destroyed, and the adjacent frames damaged, by a Life photo lab technician on November 23, 1963. After: Jackie begins to retreat. William Newman and his family were the closest to Kennedy when he was shot. I wondered what would happen if I lined them up so I did. For an instant, the back of a freeway sign obscures the limousine, and then the Kennedys reappear. As you will see from what follows, this is a crucial question. Since John Kennedy appeared in every frame of the relevant sequence of the film, the FBI was able to plot on a surveyor's map of Dealey Plaza . Whatever went on, it does seem we have missing images, the Elm turn and the limo stop and the obvious conclusion being dark arts were being practiced. I lost my footing and I had to run about three or four more steps before I could get back up in the car. I immediately looked to my right, and, in so doing, my eyes had to cross the Presidential limousine and I saw President Kennedy grab at himself and lurch forward and to the left. Abe never remembered getting down from the ledge or anything that happened in the immediate aftermath of the shooting except for his own anguished screams. 1963 film of the John F. Kennedy assassination, Please improve this section about the study of the film by adding. After creating the required duplicate negatives from the desired frames, the film was returned the two members of the Secret Service, and that at approximately 3 AM they left the NPIC facility. Life refused to approve the use of any of the frames, even after Thompson offered to give all profits from the book sales to Life. He combined that information with the shutter speed of the film that documented the shooting. Orville Nix was filming the motorcade from the plaza on the south side of Elm St., on the opposite side of the limo from Zapruder. [His secretary] Lillian remembered that "Everybody was going nuts, turning on the television. This directly contradicts the Zapruder Film and others that show much the same imagery. But, writes Nalli, his model is unique in that it focuses on the forward motion of the presidents head after he was shot. The public's response and outrage to that television showing quickly led to the forming of the Hart-Schweiker investigation, which contributed to the Church Committee Investigation on Intelligence Activities by the United States, and resulted in the House Select Committee on Assassinations investigation. On Nov. 22, 1963, Zapruder, the co-owner of a women's clothing company, created one of history's most famous, and expensive, pieces of film, and forever linked his name with a great national . ZAPRUDER FILM. It confirmed Nallis theoryand shows that its unlikely that the president was shot from the grassy knoll in front of him. [20], Before the 1969 trial of Clay Shaw, a businessman from New Orleans, for conspiracy in connection with the assassination, a copy of the film made several generations from the original was subpoenaed from Time Inc. in 1967 by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison for use at Shaw's grand jury hearing. Also, if pains were taken to set up alternate photographers shooting from Zapruder's POV, then there would already be a plan as to where to do the composite work after the film(s) left Dallas. [22], The first broadcast of the Zapruder film was on the late-night television show Underground News with Chuck Collins, originating on WSNS-TV, Ch 44, Chicago in 1970. A far cry from his original observation of a large gaping wound in the right rear.. Nallis model took things like the mass and speed of the bullet and measurements into account. [38] Kodak engineer Ronald Zavada ran experiments with the film Abraham Zapruder used and concluded that the film is authentic. [10][11], Brugioni said he was not aware of a second examination of the film at NPIC, the night of Sunday 24 November and the early morning of Monday 25 November, by a completely different team. Astudy published in the journal Helios corroborates that conclusion. There might have been one or two people still standing but I would say that ninety-eight percent of the people were still laying flat on the side of the hill.". I didn't realize what had happened," Abe remembered. We KNOW the Muchmore film has an anomaly at Z312-313. . For example, you couldn't have the head moving forward without running the frames in reverse. When did Hill actually grab onto the limousine the first time, before he fell off and got back on again? Plenty of information about the crime has been public for years, and Nalli drew from that well of data to create a model of the physical processes of the gunshot wound. Some described it as a pause, a halt or a hesitation. The Zapruder film was automatically designated an "assassination record" and therefore became the official property of the United States government. [15] After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film. Gil JesusFebruary 11, 2022 in JFK Assassination Debate. It would have been impossible to alter the film in such a way as to depict the movement of the head as being anything other than what it was. Hired in 1969, employee and assassination buff Robert Groden used one of Weitzman's copies and an optical printer to make versions of the Zapruder film with close-ups and minimize the shakiness of Zapruder's camera. Zapruder, armed with his Super Eight camera, filmed what would be the only movie footage of the assassination. "And then I realized," Abe said. However, I dont believe that is the case. All Rights Reserved. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Brugioni prepared identical one sheet of notes that accompanied each set the briefing boards, which included the name of each person who had seen the film and worked on the production of the prints and briefing boards. Some were shooting black-and-white or color stills, Polaroids, or 35mm slides, while several others had movie cameras loaded with color film. So decisions made as to what could be seen in the composite had to be across-the-board convincing of the cover story, at least within the limits of argument. I jumped from the car, realizing that something was wrong, ran to the Presidential limousine. A U.S. District Court ruled in 1968 that the Time Inc. copyright of the Zapruder film was not violated by invoking the doctrine of fair use. [16] In response to an inquiry, then-FBI director J. Edgar Hoover wrote in 1965 that frames 314 and 315 had been swapped due to a printing error, and that that error did not exist in the original Warren Commission exhibits.
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