the deluding of gylfi summary

The main part of this work, called "The Deluding of Gylfi," is structured as a contest, and the stories Snorri tells often contain games and contests of various sorts, as well. In this hall good and well-minded men shall dwell. But this woman was of the asa-race; her name was Gefjun. Tara is a freelance writer deeply involved with history in general, old mythology and Vikings in particular. The plain Vigrid is one hundred miles (rasts) on each side. Loke swam before the net, but when he saw that he was near the sea he sprang over the top of the net and hastened back to the force. Wanting to obtain some of the powers of the sir, Gylfi set out for Asgard, and asked the three enthroned men he met to tell him about their gods. Even though Gylfi disguises himself as a humble traveler named Gangleri, the sir gods anticipate his arrival and devise a scheme. He showed Thor, and his companions to seats, and they spent the night there enjoying the best of hospitality. The gods High One, Just-as-High, and Third (Odin in disguise) answer all of the Scandinavian kings questions. Some have a long, others a short life. Thus in the Prophecy of the Vala: Then said Ganglere: Much had been done, it seemed to me, when heaven and earth were made, when sun and moon were set in their places, and when days were marked out; but whence came the people who inhabit the world? Third began, sensing Gylfi's unhappiness with Odinn's choice, "Well, they needed to do this, Gangleri. The Prose Edda was written by Snorri Sturluson around 1222. Then remarked Jafnhar: He made heaven and earth, the air and all things in them. When the asas said they were ready, the wolf shook himself, spurned against and dashed the fetter on the ground, so that the broken pieces flew a long distance. The Gylfaginning deals with the creation and destruction of the world of the Norse gods, and many other aspects of Norse mythology. When the fetter was brought to the asas, they thanked the messenger for doing his errand so well. Gylfaginning in the Prose Edda and the Ynglinga saga tell how the supposedly historic (non-deified version) Odin and his people the sir and Vanir, who later became the Swedes, obtained new land where they built the settlement of Old Sigtuna.In Snorri's account Gylfi is supposedly deluded by the sir into accepting their religion; hence the name "Gylfaginning," most often interpreted as the . Back to Text, 7 The name Annarr seems to be the same as the word annarr, meaning "other, second". Then made answer Har: The gods are worthy of no blame for this structure. The second is Saga, who dwells in Sokvabek, and this is a large dwelling. And again he said: Let me see first! Said Har: In the beginning he appointed rulers in a place in the middle of the burg which is called Idavold, who were to judge with him the disputes of men and decide the affairs of the burg. The Fenris-wolf gets loose. Freyja has many names, and the reason therefor is that she changed her name among the various nations to which she came in search of Oder. King Gylfi ruled over the land which is now called Svithiod (Sweden). Their names are Hugin and Munin. Then Njord sent for Skirner, Freys servant, bade him go to Frey and ask him with whom he was so angry, since he would speak to nobody. There is also an excellent hall which stands on the Nida mountains. Thus it was before these things were made. Hafniae: Bockenhoffer, 1689. But if you cannot answer my question I declare you to be defeated. He is so good an archer, and so fast on his skees, that no one can contend with him. As is here said: But true it is, as you said, that Odin is a great chief. Then Thor stood up and called his companions. The Swedish people trusted their king and expected him to know answers to all questions. Its called the delusion of Gylfi because Snorri accepted the Old Norse sagas as nothing more than myths. Third smirked, and whispered something to Just-as-High. Then Third says: They took a trough full of meat and set it on the floor, whereupon Loke seated himself at one end and Loge at the other. And now I think that no one can tell you truer tidings of this journey of Thor. From these so numerous a race is descended that they fill the whole world with people, as is here said: But what will seem wonderful to you is that the sun has brought forth a daughter not less fair than herself, and she rides in the heavenly course of her mother, as is here said: And if you now can ask more questions, said Har to Ganglere, I know not whence that power came to you. He is so rich and wealthy that he can give broad lands and abundance to those who call on him for them. The Midgard-serpent vomits forth venom, defiling all the air and the sea; he is very terrible, and places himself by the side of the wolf. Gylfiss primary purpose in the Gylfaginning is to ask the sir gods about the universes origin. He saw neither hall nor burg. He will catch it, of course, when the world ends. "We greet you, Gangleri. Then happens what will seem a great miracle, that the wolf devours the sun, and this will seem a great loss. What does Gylfi ask about at the beginning of the story? They gave him a response that didnt exactly answer it and then disappeared, leaving Gyfi in an empty room. I will again defend my burg with similar or other delusions, so that you will get no power over me. Her table hight famine; her knife, starvation. When the gods saw how much he grew every day, and all prophecies declared that he was predestined to become fatal to them, they resolved to make a very strong fetter, which they called Lading. Back to Text He established peace between the gods and vans. So it is here said: Then said Ganglere: Do any gods live then? THE DELUDING OF GYLFI. One end of the horn stood in the sea, but that you did not see. He was going to see the gods called the Aesir. Call hither that old woman, Elle, my foster-mother, and let Thor wrestle with her if he wants to. In the morning he asked Hel whether Balder might ride home with him, and told how great weeping there was among the asas. But under the the horses' shoulders the gods set two bellows to cool them, but in some sources these are called "iron-coal".14 Moon steers the moon's course and controls its waxing and waning. "Ahem, Gangleri, everyone knows that there are two wolves surrounding her. This time they hung a great weight to it, making it so heavy that nothing could possibly pass under it. Then went the plow so hard and deep that it tore up the land, and the oxen drew it westward into the sea, until it stood still in a sound. THE DELUDING OF GYLFI. The gods were angry with Mundilfari because he called his children after the names Odinn had given to the ember chariots! He has often brought the asas into great trouble, and often helped them out again, with his cunning contrivances. When the asas saw whither he went they proceeded up to the force, dividing themselves into two bands, but Thor waded in the middle of the stream, and so they dragged the net along to the sea. Thier names are: Dain, Dvalin, Duney and Durathro. But what have you done with my glove? He rules all things, but the other gods, each according to his might, serve him as children a father. About midnight there was a great earthquake; the ground trembled beneath them, and the house shook. Thor has two goats, by name Tangnjost and Tangrisner, and a chariot, wherein he drives. Odin's greatest achievement was the creation of man and the immortal soul. He is also called the white-asa. Then asked Ganglere: What is there to be said of Skidbladner, which you say is the best of ships? It may be, however, that you are really bigger than you look. Vale they changed into the likeness of a wolf, whereupon he tore his brother Narfe to pieces, with whose intestines the asas bound Loke over the three rocks. The whole universe was a cold giant named Ymir. ", Gylfi wondered about poor Sun driving those horses, keeping them so cool at the same time. Odin sends them to all battles, where they choose those who are to be slain, and rule over the victory. From Ymirs body, they shaped the world we know from the earth, sky, and even the stars in the sky. She lends a favorable ear to men who call upon her, and it is from her name that the title has come that women of birth and wealth are called frur. Then he talks about some of the gods, and where they lived. And now you must go he added, and ask her hand for me and bring her home to me, whether it be with or without the consent of her father. But Hel replied that it should now be tried whether Balder was so much beloved as was said. Back to Text, 2 Ginnungahimin (or Ginnungagap) was the name for the primal, undifferentiated cosmos that existed before everything else and was the source for all things. He would open it still wider had he room. High-One spoke long about how humans were created and where the gods came to live. Heimdal rode his steed Gulltop and Freyja drove her cats. 16 A possible meaning of the name Vindlni. Then all said that this game had been tried sufficiently. Back to Text, 12 Hrmfaxi, literally "Rime-Mane". Then says Gangleri: He sways victory in war, wherefore warriors should call on him. Har answered, and laughed: They ran a great risk on one occasion whereof I might tell you more, but you shall first hear the names of more asas. The second treasure he possesses is Megingjarder (belt of strength); when he girds himself with it his strength is doubled. This article relating to a Norse myth or legend is a stub. Frey could have slain him with his hand. Here the gods have their doomstead. Answered Har: That I can well explain to you. But the asas were wiser, for they see into the future, and, forseeing his journey before he came, they received him with an eye-deceit. [1] 1. When the messengers returned home and had done their errand well, they found a certain cave wherein sat a giantess (gyger= ogress) whose name was Thok. He also took into consideration that it was necessary to expose ones self to some danger if he desired to become famous; so he let them put the fetter on him. And there is a great dwelling called Valaskjalf, which belongs to Odin. Then said the asas that he would easily be able to break a slim silken band, since he had already burst large iron fetters asunder. Back to Text Skrymer asked whether they would accept of his company. But he demanded as his reward, that he should have Freyja, and he wanted the sun and moon besides. Night rides in front with the horse who is called Frosty-Mane12, and at morning every day he bedews the earth with drops of foam from his bit. Then they took a large stone, which is called Tvite, and drove it still deeper into the ground, and used this stone for a fastening-pin. It must be admitted that Thor now beguiled the Midgard-serpent not a whit less than Utgard-Loke mocked him when he was to lift the serpent with his hand. It is one of the reasons that the Prose Edda is continuously under scrutiny by modern Norse scholars. That horse whom Day owns is named Shining-Mane13, and light is shed over all the air and the earth by his mane. About midnight Thor heard that Skrymer was snoring and sleeping so fast that it thundered in the wood. Thus it is said in the Valas Prophecy: Then asked Ganglere: What happens when heaven and earth and all the worlds are consumed in flames, and when all the gods and all the einherjes and all men are dead? She enjoys sitting on her deck with a cup of coffee reading books on Norse myths, deities and the fantastic stories behind each and every Norse god. All things did so,men and beasts, the earth, stones, trees and all metals, just as you must have seen these things weep when they come out of frost and into heat. Wine is to him both food and drink, as is here said: Two ravens sit on Odins shoulders, and bring to his ears all that they hear and see. Said Utgard-Loke: It is clear that your might is not so great as we thought. It seems to me there must be a great throng of people. Thereupon they took flax and made themselves a net after the pattern of that which they saw in the ashes and which Loke had made. Ganglere asks again: Where is this god? He pulled the serpent up to the gunwale; and in truth no one has ever seen a more terrible sight than when Thor whet his eyes on the serpent, and the latter stared at him and spouted venom. The first is Alfather, the second is Herran or Herjan, the third Nikar or Hnikar, the fourth Nikuz or Hnikud, the fifth Fjolner, the sixth Oske, the seventh Ome, the eighth Biflide or Biflinde, the ninth Svidar, the tenth Svidrer, the eleventh Vidrer, the twelfth Jalg or Jalk. Skirner went on his journey, courted Gerd for him, and got the promise of her that she nine nights thereafter should come to Bar-Isle and there have her wedding with Frey. This is the greatest misfortune that has ever happened to the gods and men. Of him it is said that he gave to a wayfaring woman, as a reward for the entertainment she had afforded him by her story-telling, a plow-land in his realm, as large as four oxen could plow it in a day and a night. All who live a life of virtue shall dwell with him in Gimle or Vingolf. In the morning Hymer arose, dressed himself, and busked himself to row out upon the sea to fish. All can understand how frightened the bonde became when he saw that Thor let his brows sink down over his eyes. The sons of Muspel direct their course to the plain which is called Vigrid. Then they went out into the lake called Amsvartner, to the holm (rocky island) called Lyngve, and called the wolf to go with them. To this house went a woman, and when she raised her hands to open the door, both the sky and the sea glistened therefrom, and she made all the world bright. She is called skee-goddess or skee-dis. For what feats are you and your companions prepared? It is said that of this wolf race one is the mightiest, and is called Moongarm. Plenty is there of good drink for those who deem this a joy in the hall called Brimer. Thus it is said in the Valas Prophecy: It is generally believed that this Thok was Loke, Laufeys son, who has wrought most evil among the asas. And then where did light and dark come from?" To keep the sky hanging above the earth, they made four dwarfs stand at the corners. Gylfi was very excited, these Aesir seemed rather friendly, and blurted right out, "I would like to know how the world began! Loke went before it and laid himself down between two stones, so that they drew the net over him, although they perceived that some living thing touched the meshes. Then Skrymer fell asleep and snored tremendously. Har answered: Few men, I know, are able to tell thereof, but still he has often been in difficult straits. Thereupon Surt flings fire over the earth and burns up all the world. But as to the question you just asked, it seems to me there are but few men so wise that they are able to answer it correctly. When you find that out, you will confess it would rather be wonderful if everybody could not easily go in and out. He trekked on with his new name, practicing all of the questions he would ask the Aesir. Gylfi motioned for Just-as-High to continue. A chariot called Moon also raced across the sky. The frost-giants and the mountain-giants would go up to heaven if Bifrost were passable for all who desired to go there. Their first work was to erect a court, where there were seats for all the twelve, and, besides, a high-seat for Alfather. She was married to a man who is called Naglfari.6 Their son is called Aur. She asked him for his name, and of what kin he was, saying that the day before there rode five fylkes (kingdoms, bands) of dead men over the bridge; but she added, it does not shake less under you alone, and you do not have the hue of dead men. Har answered: A wise man would not ask such a question, for all are able to tell this; but if you alone have become so stupid that you have not heard of it, then I would rather forgive you for asking unwisely once than that you should go any longer in ignorance of what you ought to know. These horses hight Arvak and Alsvid. Ymir was also the universe, do you understand? It was written after Skaldskaparmal, perfecting the form of a question-answer setting, where the gods answer questions from a curious learner. He arose and went out. There are many proofs of that. The owner of the well hight Mimer. But why did not the asas kill the wolf when they have evil to expect from him? The wicked, on the other hand, go to Hel, and from her to Niflhel, that is, down into the ninth world. Synopsis The one hight Skol, he runs after her; she fears him and he will one day overtake her. The following are the names of the horses of the gods: Sleipner is the best one; he belongs to Odin, and he had eight feet. When he told these dreams to the asas they took counsel together, and it was decided that they should seek peace for Balder against all kinds of harm. In a place called Hodmimers-hold are concealed two persons during Surts fire, called Lif and Lifthraser. Har answered: Great things are to be said thereof. He put it to his lips and swallowed with all his might, thinking that he should not have to bend over the horn a second time. [Gangleri/Gylfi goes on to ask High One, Just-as-High, and Third many things about the nature of the universe and the gods and heroes of Scandinavian mythology. They talked about the Norns (the weavers of fate) and other gods like Frigg, Freyja, Loki, Baldr, Narfi, and Sif. Their father is named Vifinnr. Summary The Gylfaginning tells the story of Gylfi, a king of "the land that men now call Sweden", who after being tricked by one of the goddesses of the sir, wonders if all sir use magic and tricks for their will to be done.

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